« Hector | HomePage | Quartier Rue Daguerre: Le Café du Rendez-Vous »
Wednesday, 04 June 2008
So you want to write a fugue/Alors vous voulez écrire une fugue
Since the 17th century, the term “fugue” has described what is commonly regarded as the most fully developed procedure of imitative counterpoint.
What does that mean?
A fugue opens with one main theme, the “subject”, which then sounds successively in each voice in imitation but with different emphases, called the fugal “answer”; when each voice has entered, the “exposition” is complete; this is occasionally followed by a connecting passage, or “episode”, developed from previously heard material; further "entries" of the subject then are heard in related keys.
Depuis le 17ème siècle, le terme « fugue » évoque la procédure de contrepoint exploitant le principe de l’imitation le plus poussée dans la musique.
Ca veut dire quoi ?
Une fugue commence avec un thème principale, l’« sujet », suivi par sa reproduction par chaque voix en imitation mais avec des emphases différentes, appelée la « réponse »; une fois que toutes les voix sont en jeu, « l’exposition » est complète ; ceci est suivi quelquefois par un passage intermédiaire, ou « l’épisode », développé à partir du matériel déjà entendu ; plus « d’entrées » du sujet sont ensuite entendus dans d’autres clefs.
In 1962 Glenn Gould recorded the first nine of fifteen fugues from Johann Sebastian Bach’s The Art of the Fugue, which Bach wrote to teach some of the basic rules of fugal composition by example; it was these recordings which established Gould as something of an expert on this type of work. So You Want to Write a Fugue was the madrigal-like finale Gould composed for a 1963 Canadian Broadcasting Corporation television program called “The Anatomy of Fugue”.
Here the subject, is "So you want to write a fugue"; the answer is "So write a fugue that we can sing."
En 1963 Glenn Gould a enregistré les premiers neuf fugues sur quinze de l’Art de la Fugue par Jean-Sébastien Bach, que Bach a écrire pour enseigner quelques règles de base de la composition de fugues, avec des exemples; ces enregistrement ont établis Gould en tant qu’expert pour ce type de composition. Alors Tu Veux Ecrire Une Fugue était la finale en style madrigal que Gould a composée pour l’émission télévisée en 1963 de « L’Anatomie de la fugue » pour le Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Ici le sujet, c’est « Alors tu veux écrire une fugue » ; la réponse est « Alors écris une fugue qu’on peut chanter ».
The text of Gould’s fugue (see below) mentions four fugue devices used for interest. “Inversion” is when a phrase is repeated, but two notes are inverted; for example, the listener expects a note to go up two, but instead it goes down two, making the theme both familiar and unfamiliar.
“Diminution” means the notes are proportionately reduced in length, while in “augmentation” they are proportionately lengthened; “stretto” means to start the answer before the subject is finished.
The singers in this, the original version, are Elizabeth Benson-Guy, soprano; Anita Darian, mezzo-soprano; Charles Bressler, tenor; Donald Gramm, baritone. The Julliard Quartet played the instrumental background: Robert Mann, first violin; Isidore Cohen, second violin; Raphael Hillyer, viola; Claus Adam, cello; Vladimir Golschmann, conductor.
Le texte de la fugue de Gould (voir ci-dessous) évoque quatre figures de fugue utilisées pour ajouter de l’intérêt. Le « renversement » est quand une phrase est répétée, mais deux notes sont inversée ; par exemple, l’auditeur attend qu’un note va monter deux tons, mais à la place elle descend deux tons, créant un thème qui est familier et différent à la fois.
La « diminution » veut dire que la durée des notes est réduite proportionnellement, tandis qu’en « l’augmentation » elle est allongée proportionnellement ; le « strette » veut dire que la réponse commence avant que le sujet ne termine.
Les chanteurs ici dans la version originelle sont Elizabeth Benson-Guy, soprane; Anita Darian, mezzo-soprano; Charles Bressler, ténor; Donald Gramm, baryton. Le Julliard Quartet joue l’accompagnement instrumental: Robert Mann, premier violon; Isidore Cohen, seconde violon; Raphael Hillyer, viola; Claus Adam, violoncelle; Vladimir Golschmann, chef d’orchestra.
So you want to write a fugue.
You got the urge to write a fugue.
You got the nerve to write a fugue.
So go ahead, so go ahead and write a fugue.
Go ahead and write a fugue that we can sing.
Alors tu veux écrire une fugue.
T'as l'envie d'écrire une fugue.
T'as le culot d'écrire une fugure.
Donc vas-y, vas-y, écris une fugue.
Vas-y et écris une fugue qu'on peut chanter.
Pay no heed, pay no mind,
Pay no heed to what we tell you.
Pay no mind to what we tell you.
Cast away all that you were told
And the theory that you read.
As we said come and write one,
Oh do come and write one,
Write a fugue that we can sing.
Prête aucune attention, prends pas en compte,
Prête aucune attention à ce qu'on te dit.
Prends pas en compte ce qu'on te dit.
Rejette tout ce qu'on t'a dit,
Et la théorie que t'as lu.
Comme on a dit viens et écris-en une,
Oh oui viens écris-en une,
Ecris une fugue qu'on peut chanter.
Now the only way to write one.
Is to plunge right in and write one.
Just forget the rules and write one.
Just ignore the rules and write one.
And the fun of it will get you.
The joy of it will fetch you.
It's a pleasure that is bound to satisfy.
When you decide that John Sebastian must have been a very personable guy.
Alors la seule façon c'est d'en écrire une.
Juste plonger dedans et ensuite écrire une.
Donc oublies les règles et écris-en une.
Fais abstraction des règles et écris-en une.
Et le divertissement de la tache va te prendre.
La joie de la tache va te saisir.
C'est un plaisir qui est sûr de satisfaire.
Quand tu décides que Jean-Sébastien a dû être un type très agréable.
Never be clever
For the sake of being clever,
For the sake of showing off.
For a canon in inversion
Is a dangerous diversion,
And a bit of augmentation
Is a serious temptation,
While a stretto diminution
Is an obvious allusion,
For to try to write a fugue that we can sing.
Ne fais jamais le malin
Juste pour avoir l'air malin,
Juste pour être m'as-tu-vu.
Car un canon en inversion
Est dangereux comme divertissment,
Et un peu d'augmentation
Est sérieux comme temptation,
Tandis qu'un diminuendo stretto,
Est une allusion évidente,
Pour tenter d'écrire une fugue que l'on peut chanter.
And when you finish writing it
I think you will find a great joy in it
or so...
Nothing ventured, nothing gained they say
But still it is rather hard to start.
Et quand tu termine de l'écrire
Je pense que t'en auras beaucoup de joie
Or...
Qui ne risque rien, n'a rien, on dit
Mais quand-même, c'est plutôt dur de commencer.
Well let us try right now.
Now we are going to write a fugue.
We are going to write a good one.
We are going to write a fugue...right now.
Alors, tentons-le maintenant.
Maintenant on va essayer d'écrire une fugue.
On va essayer d'en écrire une qui est bien.
On va essayer d'écrire une fugue...vraiment maintenant.
Glenn Gould
00:30 Posted in The Art of Music/L'art de la musique | Permalink | Comments (12) | Email this | Tags: Glenn Gould, So you want to write a fugue, Alors vous voulez écrire une fugue


Comments
Cute video - made me think of Row Row Your Boat - on mega-steroids.
Posted by: Mallard | Sunday, 01 June 2008
Mallard,
Row Row Row Your Boat (and not, as commonly thought, Row Row Your Boat) is contrapuntal, but it isn't a fugue.
It's a round or canon, a type of counterpoint in which the melody in the first voice is imitated note for note by other voices that join later and overlap the first. Which is why it reminds you of a fugue, but it lacks the fun and variation of a full mega-steroid fugue.
This is what I have learned with my Google search to find an answer to the issue you raised.
Deborah
Posted by: Deborah | Wednesday, 04 June 2008
Dear Ted,
I'd like to make negotiation with Kiwi and Hector but Kiwi is just too jealous and will not listen and Hector is too dumb to understand a word I'll say. I think I'll just leave them like that for another ten years.
I'd like to make a thing between Hector and the fugue, "So if you want to write a fugue" could be
Hector: "Boo-doo-doo-doo-loo-loo-loo" (subject)
Kiwi: "And I will indeed kill you" (answer)
Hector: Eeeeeeeee (augmentation)
Kiwi: "And I'll eat you too" (diminuendo)
Just by the way, like you said, this is another version of If You Want to Write a Fugue (fugue also means in French, "to run away").
Hélène
Posted by: Hélène | Wednesday, 04 June 2008
My goodness, when I used to sing Row Row Row Your Boat, I had no idea I was doing a contrapuntal round or canon.
Like M. Jourdain who, in asking Nicole for his slippers, was into prose.
Posted by: Mallard | Thursday, 05 June 2008
Helene,
What a terrific thought, a bird fugue! Did you know that Glenn Gould also created radio in which he interviewed people and then assembled their discussions into verbal fugues? His most famous was, "The Idea of the North." I can't quite say I've enjoyed it as I have most of his other work. I used to play, "So You Want to Write a Fugue," to my humanities students when it came time to talk about Baroque music. As to your initial thought of a bird fugue, I will have to see if I can find a piece of Chinese music I once had that simulates a whole barn yard full of birds at sunrise. If I can find it, I'll send it to you.
Posted by: Ted | Thursday, 05 June 2008
Thanks for your newsletter . . glad for your studio life. I do remember your excellent course and your studio soiree sensass. and hope to catch up again in the fall.
have a good summer and a la prochaine.
XO Katherine
Posted by: Katherine | Sunday, 08 June 2008
C'est super bien ton blog...
Posted by: Claudia | Sunday, 08 June 2008
Dear Ted,
I listened to the music again and together with Mom this morning I got lots of little bumps all over my arms like her. I really would like to listen to the Chinese fugue. In my music class the professor put the Four Seasons and I got really excited and got lots of little bumps too. When I came back home I telephoned Mom to ask if she can find it. I LIKE BAROQUE MUSIC. Mom says the little bumps are called goosebumps and in French she told that it's called "chaire de poule" (Note from Mom: that means literally "chicken flesh", ugh).
Hélène
Posted by: Hélène | Sunday, 08 June 2008
Linking to this post tomorrow. Merci.
Posted by: Roger Green | Tuesday, 10 June 2008
Katherine,
I'm so glad you enjoy the newsletter! I hope too we can catch up in the fall - we did indeed talk about The Artist's Way II...
Deborah
Posted by: Deborah | Friday, 13 June 2008
Roger,
Wow, you have listed Glenn's fugue as one of your top Songs That Move Me! For those interested in checking out this list on the Ramblin' With Roger blog ("A librarian, pondering his existence with a child 50+ years his junior, music, politics, baseball, comic books, JEOPARDY!, God, and the celebrations of life") please go to: http://rogerowengreen.blogspot.com/
Deborah
Posted by: Deborah | Friday, 13 June 2008
Claudia,
Glad you like the blog!
Deborah
Posted by: Deborah | Friday, 13 June 2008
The comments are closed.